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dr. Samuel Pola Karta Sembiring Dokter umum lulusan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Menyelesaikan studi pendidikan dokter pada tahun 2015. Tertarik dengan ilmu kedokteran dan bidang IT. Pernah mengabdi di RSUD Arga Makmur Bengkulu Utara dan bekerja di RSU Martha Friska Medan. Saat ini penulis sedang menjalani residensi Ilmu Bedah di Universitas Padjadjaran.

Perbedaan Tumor dan Kanker

1 min read


Tumor berasal dari bahasa Latin, tepatnya dari kata “tumere” yang artinya “bengkak”.

Dalam bahasa medis saat ini, tumor diartikan sebagai benjolan abnormal yang muncul akibat adanya pertumbuhan sel-sel tubuh secara berlebihan. Pertumbuhan ini bisa terjadi di bagian tubuh mana saja.

Ada dua jenis tumor utama:

  • Tumor jinak: Tumor jinak tidak menyerang sel normal di sekitarnya dan tidak menyebar ke bagian tubuh lain. Biasanya tumor jinak bisa diangkat melalui pembedahan dan tidak tumbuh kembali.
  • Tumor ganas ( kanker ): Tumor ganas, atau disebut juga kanker, bersifat sebaliknya. Sel kanker dapat tumbuh dengan cepat, menyerang jaringan sehat di sekitarnya, dan menyebar ke bagian tubuh lainnya melalui aliran darah atau sistem limfatik.

Perbedaan lainnya dipaparkan pada tulisan berikut

1. Definisi:

  • Tumor: Pertumbuhan abnormal sel yang membentuk massa atau benjolan. Tumor bisa bersifat jinak, prakanker, atau ganas (kanker).
  • Kanker: Jenis tumor ganas yang menyerang dan merusak jaringan sehat di sekitarnya. Kanker dapat menyebar ke bagian tubuh lain melalui aliran darah atau sistem limfatik (metastasis).

2. Sifat pertumbuhan:

  • Tumor:
    • Pertumbuhannya bisa lambat atau cepat.
    • Jinak: Tidak menyerang jaringan sehat dan tidak menyebar.
    • Prakanker: Memiliki potensi untuk berkembang menjadi kanker.
    • Ganas: Mirip dengan kanker, tetapi umumnya lebih lambat dan tidak mudah menyebar.
  • Kanker:
    • Tumbuh cepat dan tidak terkendali.
    • Menyerang dan merusak jaringan sehat di sekitarnya.
    • Mampu menyebar ke organ lain (metastasis).

3. Penyebab:

  • Tumor: Penyebabnya belum sepenuhnya dipahami, tetapi dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, lingkungan, dan gaya hidup.
  • Kanker: Berbagai faktor risiko dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan kanker, termasuk mutasi gen, paparan zat karsinogenik, infeksi virus, dan gaya hidup (merokok, pola makan tidak sehat, kurang aktivitas fisik).

4. Gejala:

  • Tumor: Gejalanya bervariasi tergantung lokasi, jenis, dan stadium tumor. Benjolan, rasa sakit, dan perubahan fungsi organ adalah beberapa gejala umum.
  • Kanker: Gejalanya tergantung jenis kanker dan stadiumnya. Gejala umum termasuk kelelahan, penurunan berat badan, perubahan kebiasaan buang air besar atau kecil, dan rasa sakit.

5. Pengobatan:

  • Tumor: Pengobatannya tergantung jenis tumor. Jinak: observasi, operasi pengangkatan. Prakanker: operasi, terapi hormonal, kemoterapi. Ganas: operasi, radiasi, kemoterapi, terapi target.
  • Kanker: Pengobatannya tergantung jenis kanker, stadium, dan kondisi kesehatan pasien. Operasi, radiasi, kemoterapi, dan terapi target adalah pilihan umum.

6. Prognosis:

  • Tumor: Prognosisnya tergantung jenis tumor. Jinak: umumnya baik. Prakanker: tergantung jenis dan tingkat keparahan. Ganas: tergantung jenis, stadium, dan pengobatan.
  • Kanker: Prognosisnya tergantung jenis kanker, stadium, dan pengobatan. Kanker stadium awal umumnya memiliki prognosis lebih baik.

Kesimpulan:

Pengertian kanker sebenarnya adalah tumor juga, atau lebih spesifik “tumor ganas”. Tumor dalam arti luas merupakan benjolan yang dapat bersifat jinak maupun ganas.

dr. Samuel Pola Karta Sembiring Dokter umum lulusan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Menyelesaikan studi pendidikan dokter pada tahun 2015. Tertarik dengan ilmu kedokteran dan bidang IT. Pernah mengabdi di RSUD Arga Makmur Bengkulu Utara dan bekerja di RSU Martha Friska Medan. Saat ini penulis sedang menjalani residensi Ilmu Bedah di Universitas Padjadjaran.
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